Explain the process of nuclear fission includin... - SS2 Physics Modern Physics - Nuclear Physics Question

Nuclear fission is a process in which the nucleus of a heavy atom, such as uranium-235 or plutonium-239, is split into two smaller nuclei, along with the release of energy and several neutrons. This process is initiated by bombarding the nucleus with a neutron, which causes it to become unstable and split into two daughter nuclei. Additionally, two or three neutrons are released, which can trigger a chain reaction if they collide with other atomic nuclei, leading to a self-sustaining release of energy.

 

Nuclear fission has several applications, including electricity generation in nuclear power plants and the production of weapons in nuclear reactors. The energy released in the form of heat during fission can be harnessed to produce steam, which drives turbines to generate electricity. However, the use of nuclear fission also poses significant challenges, such as the production of radioactive waste that needs careful disposal, the potential for accidents or meltdowns, and the proliferation of nuclear weapons.